This demand would mean a hard blow to the national economy and the Swedish population. 245–46, Meredith, William George (1829). Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. In 1809 a palace revolution had overthrown King Gustav IV of Sweden and had put the aged, childless, and sickly Charles XIII on the throne. Upon the death of Charles XIII on Feb. 5, 1818, Charles John became king of Sweden and Norway, and the former republican and revolutionary general became a conservative ruler. cafeaulait • 23 Mars 2015 • Commentaire d'oeuvre • 388 Mots (2 Pages) • 262 Vues. King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 to 1844, and before his elevation to the throne General Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, a celebrated marshal of Napoleon. ), French Revolutionary general and marshal of France (1804), who was elected crown prince of Sweden (1810), becoming regent and then king of Sweden … Pp. Touchard-Lafosse - Histoire de Charles XIV (Jean Bernadotte) Roi de Suède et de Norvège - Paris, Gustave Barba, libraire, 1838 - Two volumes with half-title, title, preface, 398 and 459 pages - Full binding of the time, back adorned with golden fleurons, stamps of the lycée de Poitiers on the covers - 21,5 x 14 cm - Stockholm 1838 und 1839 Drucker Carl Deleen / die Primerie von C. Deleen. Charles John now had dreams of becoming king or “protector” of France, but he had become alienated from the French people, and the victorious allies would not tolerate another soldier in charge of French affairs. Colbert und der König sahen in Fouquet den potenziellen Anführer einer zukünftigen Fronde und wollten diesen daher beizeiten aus dem Weg räumen. Charles XIV John (Swedish and Norwegian: Karl XIV Johan; born Jean Bernadotte;[1] 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 until his death. [17], In 1810 Bernadotte was about to enter his new post as governor of Rome when he was unexpectedly elected the heir-presumptive to King Charles XIII of Sweden. Cependant, il trouve ces études ennuyeuses. Histoire de Bernadotte, Charles XIV-Jean: roi de Suede et … "[86] He also made himself well liked by Queen Charlotte, who regarded him a "gentleman in every sense of the word",[87] and established a net of contact within the Swedish aristocracy, befriending in particular the Brahe family through his favorite Magnus Brahe and countess Aurora Wilhelmina Brahe, whose cousin Mariana Koskull became his lover. In this capacity, as well as during his later command of the army of northern Germany, he created for himself a reputation for independence, incorruptibility, moderation, and administrative ability. Upon his departure from Denmark he was one of few Frenchmen of the period to be awarded the Order of the Elephant. [2] He assumed the name Charles John and became the de facto regent and head of state. The palace itself was not completed until 1849, long after the death of Charles John, and was inaugurated by Oscar I. K. Karl XIV Johan av Sverige; Media in category "Charles XIV John of Sweden" The following 186 files are in this category, out of 186 total. However, Bernadotte made it known to Napoleon that he didn't want the Spanish Crown. [108], His domestic policy particularly focused on promotion of economy and investment in social overhead capital, and the long peace since 1814 led to an increased prosperity for the country. [23] Bernadotte was pleased with this appointment but Napoleon lobbied Talleyrand-Périgord, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, to appoint him to the embassy of Vienna instead. [98], In 1813, he allied Sweden with Napoleon's enemies, including the UK, Russia and Prussia, in the Sixth Coalition, hoping to secure Norway. He re-organized and trained his forces, named by the Emperor as the Army of Antwerp, by instilling discipline in old soldiers too long at the depots and teaching raw conscripts their trade. [84], However, the Norwegians were unwilling to accept Swedish control. Charles XIV John, Swedish Karl Johan, orCarl Johan, original name Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, also called (1806–10) Prince De Ponte-Corvo, (born Jan. 26, 1763, Pau, France—died March 8, 1844, Stockholm, Swed. Johann ist der Begründer des schwedis… However, the birth of the King of Rome put an end to Napoleon's need for an heir. [109] I could perhaps have been able to agree to become Napoleon’s ally: but when he attacked the country that had placed its fate in my hands, he could find in me no other than an opponent. [81] The invasion was a clear violation of international law as well as an act of war so public opinion in Sweden was understandably outraged. Bernadotte first met Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797 in Italy. In 1812 he made an agreement recognizing the tsar’s position in Finland in return for the promise of Russian support in his aim to annex Norway from Denmark. [94] To render it the more insulting, Napoleon scheduled it for the Crown Prince's birthday. He fought in the Revolutionary wars from 1794 as general of division) in Belgium, Germany, and Italy, and in … Bernadotte campaigned in Germany during the winter following his marriage, and from July to September 1799 he was minister of war. He was the first monarch of the Bernadotte dynasty. Of the latter, Bernadotte was gifted in his ability to inspire his men to prodigious feats of valor. It was not the first, or last time, that Napoleon thought of placing Bernadotte on a foreign throne. [60] Joseph Bonaparte, Bernadotte's friend and brother-in-law, was chosen instead. [70] In a proclamation issued to his troops at Antwerp he made an implied charge against Napoleon of having neglected to prepare the proper means of defense for the Belgian coast. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Bernadotte's troops then captured Salzburg on 30 October. Showing page 1. [126][127][128] However, it is true that Bernadotte, for reasons of discretion publicly, proclaimed himself in 1797 "a Republican both by principle and conviction" who would “to the moment of my death, oppose all Royalists and enemies to the Directory". Omissions? Napoleon now tried to prevent any reorientation of Swedish foreign policy and moreover sent an immediate demand that Sweden declare war on Great Britain; the Swedes had no choice, but, though technically in a state of war between 1810 and 1812, Sweden and Great Britain did not engage in active hostilities. Ludwig XIV. Charles III Jean de Norvège Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, né le 26 janvier 1763 à Pau, mort le 8 mars 1844 à Stockholm, passa en l’espace de trente-huit ans d’un rang de soldat du roi de France aux titres de roi de Suède et de Norvège sous les noms de Charles XIV Jean (en suédois, Karl XIV Johan) et de Charles III Jean (en norvégien, Karl III Johan) après avoir été général sous la … [88] Even if Finland was regained, he thought, it would put Sweden into a new cycle of conflicts with a powerful neighbor because there was no guarantee Russia would accept the loss as final. In June he became the military and civil governor of the electorate of Hanover, and while in office he attempted to set up an equitable system of taxation. Chief General Klinspor was not up to the task. [4][17] This was seen as an appointment of trust as while Napoleon embarked on his summer Italian Campaign, where he ultimately prevailed at the Battle of Marengo, he left Bernadotte not far from Paris with an army. [42] When visiting Halle after the battle, and commenting on the degree of difficulty of storming a fortified position accessible only by a single bridge, Napoleon enigmatically commented "Bernadotte stops at nothing. ), Friedrich Schmidt: Amazon.sg: Books. Bernadotte was the son of a lawyer. In January 1798 Bernadotte was expected to succeed Bonaparte in command of the army of Italy but instead was appointed ambassador to Vienna until April, when his mission ended. Rumors that Napoleon relieved Bernadotte of command on the spot at Raasdorf have long been the stuff of legend, but are not verified. 21 x 13,5 cm - Rücken ausgebleicht, Band 2 Vorderdeckel fleckig, Seiten etwas wellig, einige Flecken, Gebrauchsspuren - He married Désirée Clary in August 1798, the daughter of a Marseilles merchant, and once engaged to Napoleon, and Joseph Bonaparte's sister-in-law. JOHN (1704-1844). [100], After the Battle of Leipzig he went his own way, determined at all hazards to cripple Denmark and to secure Norway,[33] defeating the Danes in a relatively quick campaign. Thus, when force might have imposed any system on the Norwegians (for a time at least), the Crown Prince insisted on a constitutional settlement. Charles XIV John (Swedish and Norwegian: Karl XIV Johan; born Jean Bernadotte; 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 until his death. [11], It was during this period of rapid advancement that the military qualities he became known for, daring assaults and Gasconades, came to the fore. Napoleon rebuked him for his absence but it became acknowledged that it was not due to Bernadotte, but Berthier's carelessness in dispatching the orderly. Bernadotte was, through marriage to Désirée Clary, brother-in-law to Joseph Bonaparte, and thus a member of the extended Imperial Family. While it is true that IX Corps broke on 6 July, as did other French formations, they later rallied and played a part in the victory. 9, 1812–1817, Norstedt, Stockholm, 1942, Barton, Sir Dunbar Plunket (1930). In modern Norwegian lists of kings he is called Charles III John. His growing fame, however, and his contacts with the radical Jacobins irritated Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès—one of the five members of the government of the Directory that ruled France from 1795 to 1799—who engineered his removal. [4] Bernadotte's promotions came both from the esteem of his commanders as well as from his men; having been elected to the rank of lieutenant colonel and colonel by his men, though he refused both nominations in favor of traditional advancement. For a subsequent prince, see, “I have beheld war near at hand, and I know all its evils: for it is not conquest which can console a country for the blood of her children, spilt on a foreign land. Bernadotte was born in Pau, France, as the son of Jean Henri Bernadotte (Pau, Béarn, 14 October 1711 – Pau, 31 March 1780), prosecutor at Pau, and wife (married at Boëil-Bezing, 20 February 1754) Jeanne de Saint-Vincent (Pau, 1 April 1728 – Pau, 8 January 1809). Januar 1711 in Paris) war ein vielseitiger französischer Maler, Zeichner und Kupferstecher, der als königlicher Kammer- und Kabinettzeichner (1674) Ludwigs XIV. Dies war einer der Orte, die wir besuchten - eine sehr interessante Erfahrung mit einem lokalen Führer, der so viel über die Geschichte erzählte und Einblicke gab, wie das Leben in dem Ort gewesen sein könnte, als Louis XIV das Gebiet … Karl Johann XIV., Schweden, König [4] After Jourdan's victory at Fleurus (26 June 1794), where he distinguished himself with a decisive attack and seizure of key terrain that led to the Austrian retreat, he then became a divisional general. [14], At the Battle of Theiningen (1796), where the Austrians outnumbered the French three-to-one,[15] Bernadotte's rear-guard successfully repulsed numerous attacks while inflicting heavy losses on the enemy, preventing the Archduke Charles from cutting off the retreat of the French army over the Rhine after its defeat by the Austrians at the Battle of Würzburg. Although no evidence has been found that he was involved, it is clear that he would have favoured constitutional limitation of the powers of Napoleon, who had in 1799 become the first consul—to all intents and purposes, dictator of France—or even his overthrow. [17] When the French forced their way to Lübeck, the city became the target of large-scale looting and rampage by the French soldiers. [16], At the beginning of 1797 he was ordered by the Directory to march with 20,000 men as reinforcements to Napoleon Bonaparte's army in Italy. 1 appearances; Charles XIV John last edited by … ), Friedrich Schmidt: 9781272632793: Books - Amazon.ca On Aug. 17, 1798, having returned to Paris, he married Désirée Clary, Napoleon’s former fiancée and the sister-in-law of Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon’s older brother. [4] Subsequently, the Régiment stationed in Besançon, Grenoble, Vienne, Marseille and Île de Ré. [94][96] Moreover, it antagonized the pro-French faction at the Swedish court. He served with distinction in Italy and Germany, and was briefly Minister of War. The king had adopted a Danish prince, Charles August, as his son soon after his coronation, but he had died just a few months after his arrival. [65] After the battle, Bernadotte complained to Napoleon for having, in violation of all military rules, ordered Dupas to act independently of his command, and for having thereby caused great loss of life to the Saxons, and tendered his resignation. Upon Charles's death on 5 February 1818, Charles John ascended the throne. The ensuing war was swiftly won by Sweden under Charles John's generalship. Barton, sir Dunbar Plunket (1925). Barton, D. Plunkett (1921). The Crown Prince landed his troops at Stralsund, Ger., in May 1813 and soon took command of the allied army of the north. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. MacMillan, New York. Histoire de Bernadotte, Charles XIV-Jean: roi de Suede et de Norvege, etc. p. 259, Barton, Sir Dunbar Plunket (1930). "Bernadotte and Swedish-American Relations, 1810–1814,", Kurtz, Harold. In the Battle of Wagram, in which the French defeated the Austrians, he lost more than one-third of his soldiers and then returned to Paris “for reasons of health” but obviously in deep disfavour.